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Knowledge Base

Browse the concepts behind Truestamp. Follow the links between concepts, or search across everything.

Tagged: inclusion-proof

6
Glossary
Audit path The ordered list of sibling hashes in a Merkle inclusion proof; each entry is tagged left or right so a verifier can recompute the root from a leaf and match it against the published root. Compact proof encoding The binary wire form of a Merkle inclusion proof used in a proof bundle's inclusion_proof and epoch_proof fields, packing a depth byte, a left/right direction bitfield, and raw 32-byte sibling hashes into unpadded base64url, mapping losslessly to and from the JSON direction:hash form. Inclusion proof A short list of ceil(log2(N)) sibling hashes, also called an audit proof, proving one Merkle leaf belongs to a tree with a given root without revealing other leaves; a Truestamp proof bundle uses one subject-into-block inclusion_proof and one block-into-epoch epoch_proof per commitment.
Library
Why do cryptocurrencies use Merkle trees instead of hashing all the data in the block in one go? Reddit r/cryptography discussion explaining why blockchains use Merkle trees rather than a single block-wide hash: inclusion proofs, SPV light-client verification, partial verification without full data, and second preimage concerns.
Merkle
Compact Merkle Proof Encoding The compact binary and base64url wire encoding of a Merkle inclusion proof - a depth byte, a packed left/right direction bitfield, and raw 32-byte sibling hashes - and how it maps to and from the JSON "direction:hash" proof form. Merkle Inclusion Proofs How a Merkle inclusion (audit) proof uses an audit path of sibling hashes to prove a leaf is a member of a root, how a submission window is proven between the records a submission commits to and the block that contains it, and the provable set versus what is not provable.